Chapter 16

In chapter 16, the era of "the long nineteenth century" between 1750 and 1914 was introduced along with two other phenomena's. The first new phenomena introduced in this chapter was the start of the modern civiliazaton or modern era which was sparked in the scientific, French and industrial revolutions which began the "new way of thinking" for everyone. Especially, those in faith of Christianity which caused them to clash with scientific theories that countered common christian theories. 

Many social movements were also sparked along with the scientific revolutions and new ways of thinking that included, womens rights movement, equality,  and solutions to poverty. These revolutions allowed more people within their nations to participate and be apart of these movements without having to be in a certain social class or certain race. The Atlantic revolutions helped the share of common and new ideas and knowledge with different global nations therefor calling it the "enlightenment" era. These ideas caused many debates and speculations as well with many other nations ways of thinking.